![]() ![]() Mean log 10 RFs of MNV were statistically significantly greater for PVP-I (1.57–2.57) compared with soft soap (1.24–1.62), while mean log 10 RFs with CHG (0.90–1.34) were lower than for soft soap across all tests. The experimental design using EN1499 was applicable to testing with MNV as discriminatory and reproducible results were generated. coli, with statistically significantly greater ( p ≤ 0.01) mean log 10 RFs compared with reference soft soap across all tests (PVP-I: 4.09–5.27 CHG: 4.12–5.22 soap: 2.75–3.11). PVP-I 7.5% and CHG 4% cleansers both passed EN1499 requirements against E. RFs (test-reference) were compared using a Wilcoxon–Wilcox multiple comparisons test per EN1499 efficacy was concluded if p ≤ 0.01. ![]() The number of test organisms released from fingertips into sampling fluids was assessed before and after hand washing and mean log 10 reduction factor (RF) was calculated. After pre-washing and artificial contamination of hands with test organisms, volunteers underwent testing with 3 and 5 mL of each product for contact times of 15, 30 and 60 s according to a Latin-square randomization. ![]() Separate test series were performed for bactericidal ( Escherichia coli) and virucidal testing. We investigated the bactericidal and virucidal efficacy of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) 7.5% scalp and skin cleanser, chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) 4% hand cleanser and the reference hand wash (soft soap) in 15 healthy volunteers following European Standard EN1499 (hygienic hand wash test method for bacteria), which was adapted for virucidal testing. Standard in vitro and in vivo tests help demonstrate efficacy of hand hygiene products however, there is no standard in vivo test method for viruses. ![]()
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